ALPHAZER
Enerspeed® Liquid 20 x 25ml

Enerspeed® Liquid is a liquid supplement based on Guarana (caffeine), Tyrosine, Taurine and glucuronolactone, particularly indicated and appreciated in endurance sports as an excellent energizer and for combating fatigue.

The protagonist of this supplement is Guarana, a climbing plant native to the Amazon with characteristic red or yellow fruits. Native peoples of America chewed the seeds or added them to food and drink to increase psychophysical energy and reduce fatigue. Today it is commonly used in sports to increase mental and physical performance and to counteract the perception of fatigue, for the production of supplements and energy drinks, or as a stimulating tonic in states of severe asthenia. Its seeds, which contain from 3.2 to 7.0% of caffeine (higher than that contained in the coffee seeds themselves), theobromine and theophylline. The bioactive substances it contains are released more slowly in the body than caffeine, and its effects are more prolonged.

Tyrosine is a fundamental amino acid as a precursor to important neurotransmitters such as dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline, and thyroid hormones. In the sporting field of endurance sports, it is particularly appreciated as it improves cognitive abilities, focus, mood, and is particularly effective in states of severe fatigue, following competitions and during intensification phases as a promoter of greater vigor and to contrast fatigue.

Taurine is a "conditionally" essential amino acid, important for various aspects related to our organism, concentrating above all on the muscular, cardiac, nervous and hepatic levels. In the sports context, its positive effects can influence various aspects, starting from reducing the oxidative damage induced by intense physical exercise and thus preventing potential muscle-tendon injuries and at the same time facilitating post-activity recovery. In the cardiovascular "performance" field, it increases cardiac contractility and promotes better peripheral tissue oxygenation which is associated with its ability to more effectively counteract and remove the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, thus favoring a better prolonged muscular performance. In this regard, I note its effect considered "energizing" in delaying the onset of central fatigue. Recent investigations to be deepened see it as also capable of reducing post-activity muscle damage and the relative appearance of DOMS.

The presence of Glucuronolactone, a natural glucose metabolite known to be contained in many "energy" drinks, in this product is an excellent synergistic addition, as it is used in sports or we find it present in various "energy drinks" for the its psychostimulating action that would favor the state of attention and cognitive abilities during athletic performance.

SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES:
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Schimpl FC, da Silva JF, Gonçalves JF, Mazzafera P. Guarana: revisiting a highly caffeinated plant from the Amazon. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Oct 28;150(1):14-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.023. Epub 2013 Aug 24. PMID: 23981847.

Moustakas D, Mezzio M, Rodriguez BR, Constable MA, Mulligan ME, Voura EB. Guarana provides additional stimulation over caffeine alone in the planarian model. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 16;10(4):e0123310. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123310. PMID: 25880065; PMCID: PMC4399916.

Hase A, Jung SE, aan het Rot M. Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake in healthy human adults. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015 Jun;133:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 20. PMID: 25797188.

Jongkees BJ, Hommel B, Kühn S, Colzato LS. Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands--A review. J Psychiatr Res. 2015 Nov;70:50-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 25. PMID: 26424423.

Bloemendaal M, Froböse MI, Wegman J, et al. Neuro-Cognitive Effects of Acute Tyrosine Administration on Reactive and Proactive Response Inhibition in Healthy Older Adults. eNeuro. 2018;5(2):ENEURO.0035-17.2018. Published 2018 Apr 30. doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0035-17.2018

Young SN. L-tyrosine to alleviate the effects of stress? J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2007 May;32(3):224. PMID: 17476368; PMCID: PMC1863555.

Waldron M, Patterson SD, Tallent J, Jeffries O. The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2018 May;48(5):1247-1253. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0896-2. PMID: 29546641.

Waldron M, Patterson SD, Jeffries O. Oral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. Amino Acids. 2019 Nov;51(10-12):1433-1441. doi: 10.1007/s00726-019-02775-6. Epub 2019 Sep 3. PMID: 31482309.

Wen C, Li F, Zhang L, Duan Y, Guo Q, Wang W, He S, Li J, Yin Y. Taurine is Involved in Energy Metabolism in Muscles, Adipose Tissue, and the Liver. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Jan;63(2):e1800536. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800536. Epub 2018 Oct 17. PMID: 30251429.

Schaffer S, Kim HW. Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2018 May 1;26(3):225-241. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.251. PMID: 29631391; PMCID: PMC5933890.

Tamura, S., "Effects of Glucuronolactone and the Other Carbohydrates on the Biochemical Changes Produced in the Living Body of Rats by Hard Exercise," Jpn J Pharmacol 18.1 (1968) : 30-8.

Tamura, S., "Metabolism of Glucuronic Acid in Fatigue Due to Physical Exercise," Jpn J Pharmacol 16.2 (1966): 138-56.

The Evaluation of the Health Aspects of D-glucurono-g -lactone as a Food Ingredient. Prepared by Arendt Fox Kintner Plotkin and Kahn, Washington DC, USA, for Red Bull GmbH, Austria. November 8, 1996.

Martinez, N., Campbell, B., Franek, M. et al. The effect of acute pre-workout supplementation on power and strength performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 13, 29 (2016).

DIRECTIONS: 25 ml per day to be taken pure or diluted in a glass of water. Shake well before use.

Net content: 500ml

Warnings: do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Food supplements are not intended as a substitute for a varied diet. A varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are important. Keep out of the reach of children under three years of age. Do not exceed the total daily dose of 400 mg of caffeine from all sources. Do not take the product before going to bed or in the hours immediately preceding sleep and in conjunction with alcohol. Keep in a cold and dry place. Avoid exposure to heat sources and sunlight.